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Practical Ethics, by Peter Singer
Download Ebook Practical Ethics, by Peter Singer
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For thirty years, Peter Singer's Practical Ethics has been the classic introduction to applied ethics. For this third edition, the author has revised and updated all the chapters, and added a new chapter addressing climate change, one of the most important ethical challenges of our generation. Some of the questions discussed in this book concern our daily lives. Is it ethical to buy luxuries when others do not have enough to eat? Should we buy meat from intensively reared animals? Am I doing something wrong if my carbon footprint is above the global average? Other questions confront us as concerned citizens: equality and discrimination on the grounds of race or sex; abortion, the use of embryos for research, and euthanasia; political violence and terrorism; and the preservation of our planet's environment. This book's lucid style and provocative arguments make it an ideal text for university courses and for anyone willing to think about how she or he ought to live.
- Sales Rank: #66171 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
- Published on: 2011-02-21
- Released on: 2011-05-05
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x .79" w x 5.98" l, 1.00 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 356 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"....It is a widely read and widely taught introduction to the philosophical dimensions of practical moral problems.... All of the chapters have been revised and updated, and a chapter has been added on climate change. Singer's lucid style of exposition and argument are perfect for this sort of introductory text. Every library should have a copy of this book.... Highly recommended...."
--J. H. Spence, Adrian College, CHOICE
"...This third edition keeps the lucid style and provocative arguments of its predecessors, but with a more up to date perspective into current ethical challenges. This makes Practical Ethics not only an ideal text for university courses, but also for anyone who wants to dedicate some serious thinking into how she or he ought to live.... remains a relevant and welcome contribution to ethics."
--Laura Cabrera, Institute for Biomedical Ethics, Basel University, Metapsychology Online Review
About the Author
Peter Singer is currently Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at the University Center for Human Values at Princeton University and Laureate Professor at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne. He is the author or editor of more than forty books, including Animal Liberation (1975), Rethinking Life and Death (1996) and, most recently, The Life You Can Save (2009). In 2005, he was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine.
Most helpful customer reviews
27 of 29 people found the following review helpful.
A Philosophical Classic.
By Brandon Scott
There are very few philosophers as polarizing as Peter Singer, but that is the inevitable outcome of questioning the received morals of our culture. In Practical Ethics he lays out a comprehensive presentation of his overarching position on ethics, and examines how these principles influence difficult real-life decisions. While many who only hear his conclusions without the supporting arguments find his positions distasteful, anyone who reads and truly understands how he reached them generally has no choice but to concede that his arguments are very moving and well-reasoned.
Everyone should read this book at least once, and after this general overview, make sure you check out his more focused writings on end of life decisions, charity, and animal rights in "Rethinking Life and Death", "The Life You Can Save", and "Animal Liberation" respectively.
12 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Ethics from a practical point of view
By Greg
There are few philosophers who are as controversial as Peter Singer - he has been attacked countless times by people of all stripes and agendas, and his lectures have been disrupted by protesters agitating against his viewpoints. Why is a tenured academic whose writings involve the technicalities of academic philosophy so controversial?
The problem is not so much Singer's utilitarian philosophy itself (which is held by many people in Western culture, from academics to economists to libertarian Christian conservatives) but rather the consistent and ruthless way he applies it to all moral questions.
Like many intellectuals and other people today, Singer believes religion is no longer meaningful for intelligent, rational agents and religious concepts can't be used to make ethical decisions. Somewhat like Russell, Bentham, Mill, G.E. Moore and David Hume before him, Singer argues the only viable ethical framework is an empirical one based on the best scientific understanding we have of human nature. Singer goes about dismantling the hidden religious premises that often underlie arguments in the moral sphere.
Singer is most controversial in his rejection of the concept of the sanctity of life. While deeply grounded in Western law and philosophy, this concept often used in 'pro-life' v 'pro-choice' arguments about abortion (and to a certain extent, contraception and euthanasia) are based on a religious concept of human nature and dignity. Singer believes though an absolute regard or concern for all human life in all its forms is not only unrealistic, but also irrational.
Singer instead argues the best way to decide moral issues are the secular premises supplied by Utilitarian and consequentialist ethics. As such, what matters is not so much the moral intention behind an act, or whether it conforms to a law (secular or religious) but the consequences it has. Singer thus argues we can attach and calculate values for different kinds of lives, and make moral judgments on this basis.
The most controversial area for this is perhaps Singer's stance on bioethical issues. Singer is openly in favour of euthanasia and abortion, and also argues in some cases it is better to kill a severely disabled person than to let them live. He also argues in some instances, an intelligent and healthy non-human animal like a chimp or gorilla has more value than a hopelessly crippled infant. Singer argues for this in more detail in his works on animal liberation.
Singer's critics, particularly religious ones, have attacked him on this ground, claiming he devalues human life by admitting intentional killing of innocent (though severely disabled) people is morally justifiable in some situations, along with his arguments for abortion and euthanasia. Yet even a cursory reading of his works shows Singer is no Dr Jack Kevorkian or Hitler in waiting. Singer actually places a high value on human life and human flourishing, and even donates 20% of his income to charities like Oxfam and Doctors without Borders. He also (rightly) argues strenuously for the need for richer people in wealthy nations to spend more on things like Foreign Aid and life-saving projects like helping people in poor countries access vaccines for diseases that are easily dealt with in the rich world. These are hardly the arguments of an evil person who simply wants to bump people off for selfish gain or ideological reasons, which many a religious fanatic can't claim to be exempt from.
If Singer is to be proven wrong, then the philosophy he uses (Utilitarianism) has to be shown to be wrong, or at least based on questionable premises. I think this has been done, but more by academic critics of Singer than by people who simply hate him or protest against him. The problem is not so much the conclusions Singer reaches but the way in which he reaches them. Applied slightly differently, and not necessarily using religion or religious grounds, I think it is possible to demonstrate the need to retain a concept of the sanctity of human life, including that of disabled people. People who oppose abortion and euthanasia (and also the miserable state of the world's poor) rightly argue we should value human lives, even those unborn, born disabled, or at the margins and ends of life. Such a value though should not be pushed to fanatical extremes, as Singer rightly argues.
As controversial as he may be, Singer advocates for his positions using coherent and consistent logic and with the highest respect for evidence. This is why his work deserves the five stars, rather than his actual positions themselves.
28 of 33 people found the following review helpful.
A classic, often misinterpreted
By Anthony
Contrary to what one reviewer said, Singer does not teach that all human beings are not persons. He argues that some human beings are not persons, and that some do not have a right to life. If you don't like these views, I suggest you take Singer, and this book, very seriously. Taking your opponent seriously is often the best way to get your opponent's supporters, if not your opponent, to switch sides. Alternatively, if you find yourself disagreeing with Singer's conclusions, but none of his premises, then perhaps you should switch sides. Singer certainly is not right about everything, but Practical Ethics is still a classic and accessible introduction to applied ethics, well worth a read through.
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